On September 27th, The Trump Administration and select members of Congress have released a “unified framework” for tax reform. The document reveals a list of priorities for legislators to follow and is meant to be the “the foundation Congress will use to craft legislation around middle-income tax cuts, a simpler and fairer tax code, and the most competitive business tax rates, so American companies of all sizes can create jobs, give their workers a pay raise, and grow the economy,” Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said in a statement announcing the framework.
Individual tax reforms.
Individual provisions in the framework include:
…Increased standard deduction; elimination of personal exemptions and additional standard deductions for older/blind taxpayers. The framework would increase the standard deduction to $24,000 for married taxpayers filing jointly, and $12,000 for single filers. Note that the framework says that "The additional standard deduction [for blind or elderly taxpayers] and personal exemptions for the taxpayer and spouse are consolidated into this larger standard deduction."
…Reduced number of tax brackets. The framework would reduce the number of tax brackets from seven to three: 12%, 25%, and 35%. Under current law, the lowest tax bracket is 10%, and the highest is 39.6%.
The framework also leaves open the possibility that "[a]n additional top rate may apply to the highest-income taxpayers to ensure that the reformed tax code is at least as progressive as the existing tax code."
…Child tax credit "enhanced," and non-child credit provided. The framework states that it "significantly increases" the child tax credit, but doesn't specify the increased amount. The first $1,000 of the credit would be refundable, as under current law. Additionally, the income levels at which the credit phases out (currently, $110,000 for joint filers, $75,000 for unmarried individuals, and $55,000 for married taxpayers filing separately) would be increased, to unspecified amounts.
The framework would also provide a non-refundable credit of $500 for "non-child dependents."
…AMT repealed. The framework calls for repealing the individual alternative minimum tax (AMT).
…Itemized deductions largely eliminated; home mortgage interest & charitable contributions retained. The framework would eliminate "most" itemized deductions, but would retain tax incentives for home mortgage interest and charitable contributions. The document states that these particular benefits "help accomplish important goals that strengthen civil society, as opposed to dependence on government."
…Work, education and retirement benefits retained. The framework would retain "tax benefits that encourage work, higher education and retirement security." However, the tax-writing committees are "encouraged" to make these tax benefits simpler and more effective.
…Catch-all. The frameworks notes that "[n]umerous other exemptions, deductions and credits for individuals riddle the tax code" and that many will likely be repealed in order to make the system "simpler and fairer."
…Estate and generation-skipping transfer taxes repealed. The framework calls for the repeal of both the estate tax and the generation-skipping transfer tax.
Business tax reforms.
Business tax provisions in the framework include:
…New top rate for "small" pass-throughs. Under the framework, the maximum tax rate applied to the business income of "small" and family-owned businesses conducted as sole proprietorships, partnerships and S corporations would be 25%. The framework "contemplates that the committees will adopt measures to prevent the recharacterization of personal income into business income to prevent wealthy individuals from avoiding the top personal tax rate."
…New corporate tax rate. The framework would reduce the corporate tax rate to 20% (down from the current top rate of 35%). It also "aims" to eliminate the corporate AMT. Further, the committees "also may consider methods to reduce the double taxation of corporate earnings."
…Full expensing for five years. The framework would allow businesses to immediately write off (i.e., expense) the cost of new investments in depreciable assets other than structures that are made after Sept. 27, 2017, for at least five years.
…Interest expense deductions. The deduction for net interest expense incurred by C corporations would be "partially limited" under the framework (without further details as to what this means). The tax-writing committees are instructed to consider how interest should be treated by non-corporate taxpayers.
…Most deductions and credits repealed; but research and low-income housing credits retained. The framework states that, because of the rate reduction for businesses, the Code Sec. 199 domestic production activities deduction (DPAD) would no longer be necessary. It also provides that "numerous other special exclusions and deductions" would be repealed or restricted. However, the framework would retain the research credit and the low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC). It also leaves open the possibility of the committees retaining other business credits "to the extent budgetary limitations allow."
…"Special tax regimes." The framework, stating that certain industries and sectors are governed by special tax rules, says that such rules will be "modernize[d]… to ensure that the tax code better reflects economic reality and that such rules provide little opportunity for tax avoidance."
International tax reforms.
International tax provisions in the framework include:
…Foreign dividend exemption; repatriation. The framework would provide for a 100% exemption for dividends from foreign subsidiaries, defined as companies in which the U.S. parent owns "at least a 10% stake." To transition, the framework would treat accumulated offshore profits as repatriated, giving rise to a one-time repatriation tax (at an unspecified "low" rate) that could be paid over five years. Accumulated foreign earnings "held in illiquid assets" would be subject to a lower tax rate than foreign earnings held in "cash or cash equivalents."
…Anti-erosion rules. The framework includes rules that would "protect the U.S. tax base by taxing at a reduced rate and on a global basis the foreign profits of U.S. multinational corporations."
Kevin Brady, chairman of the tax-writing House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee, said his plan was to turn the framework into legislation to be passed by the end of this year.
The information provided above is a framework that has been presented by the Administration. The final legislation may be different than what is being presented currently. Maillie LLP will monitor the legislative process and keep our clients informed as Congress gets to work on tax reform.
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